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Personal pronouns in the Slavic languages

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Interslavic is entirely based on the natural Slavic languages, and the forms have been picked on the basis of both comparison and logic. This page demonstrates how this has been done in the case of personal pronouns:

First person singular

им.в.р.д.д.м.
OCSazъ mene/mę mene mьně/mi mьnojǫ mьně
Russianjamenjá menjá mne mnoj mne
Belarussianjamjané mjané mne mnoj/mnoju mne
Ukrainianjamené mené mení mnóju mení
Lemko-Rusynjamene/mja/
nja/myja
mene/mja/
nja/myja
mi mnom mi/mni
Polishjamnie/mię mnie mi mną mnie
Cashubianmnie/mie/mię mnie/mie mnie/miemną mnie
Lower Sorbianjamě (mnjoj) mje (mnjo) mě (mnjo) mnu mnjo
Upper Sorbianjamje/mnje mje/mnje mi/mni mnu mni
Czechmne/mě mne/mě mně/mi mnou mně
Slovakjamňa/ma mňa/ma mne/mi mnou mne
Slovenejaz mene/me mene/me meni/mi menój/mano meni
Serbian/Croatianmène/me mène/me mèni/mi mnôm mèni
Macedonianjas mene/me mene/mi
Bulgarianazméne/me mi/méne
Interslavicjamene/męmenemně/mimnojųmně
note
  • All West and South Slavic languages have special short forms in the accusative, genitive and dative. We have adopted them in Interslavic, seeing that it won't hurt intelligibility, and certainly adds some expressivity.
  • The genitive is generally the same as the accusative.
  • The locative is often very similar or identical to the dative.
  • The genitive is never identical to the dative.
  • The accusative мене in Interslavic is based on counting (discounting the smaller languages): 7 men- vs. 3 mn-; 8 -e vs. 2 -ja.

Second person singular

им.в.р.д.д.м.
OCStytebe/tętebetebě/titobojǫtebě
Russiantytebjátebjátebétobójtebé
Belarussiantycjabécjabétabétabój/tabójutabé
Ukrainiantytebétebétobítobójutobí
Lemko-Rusyntytebe/tjatebe/tjatobi/tytobomtobi
Polishtyciebie/cięciebietobie/citobątobie
Cashubiancebie/ce/cęcebie/cetobie/cëtobącebie/tobie
Lower Sorbiantytebje/śitebje/śitebje/śitobutebje
Upper Sorbiantytebje/ćetebje/ćetebi/ćitobutebi
Czechtytebe/tětebe/tětobě/titeboutobě
Slovaktyteba/ťateba/ťatebe/titeboutebe
Slovenetitebe/tetebe/tetebi/titebój/tabotebi
Serbian/Croatiantèbe/tetèbe/tetèbi/titòbōmtèbi
Macedoniantitebe/tetebe/ti
Bulgariantitébe/teti/tébe
Interslavictytebe/tętebetobě/titobojųtobě
note

The majority solution for the dative would be тебє, but we want to keep it separate from the genitive/accusative, therefore тобє.

Third person singular, masculine and neuter

им.в.р.д.д.м.
OCSjь; je
[onъ; ono]
jь; jejegojemuimъjemъ
Russian on; onó jegó jegó jemú imnëm
Belarussian ën; janó jahó jahó jamú imim
Ukrainian vin; vonójohó johó jomú nym n'ómu/nim
Lemko-Rusyn vin; onojoho/ho joho/ho jomu/mu nym nym
Polish on; ono jego/go jego/go jemu/mu nim nim
Cashubian on; ono/no jego/jen/go; jejego jemu/mu nim nim
Lower Sorbian won; wonojogo/jen; jo jogo jomu nim njom
Upper Sorbian wón; wono/wonejeho/jón; jo/je jeho jemu nim nim
Czech on; ono jeho/jej/ho; je/jej/hojeho/jej/hojemu/mu jím něm
Slovak on; ono jeho/ho; ho jeho/ho jemu/mu ním ňom
Slovene on; ono njega njega njemu njimnjem
Serbian/Croatian ôn; òno njèga/ga njèga/ga njèmu/munjîmnjèmu
Macedonian toj; toanego/go nemu/mu
Bulgarian toj; tonégo/go mu/nému
Interslavicon; ono(n)jego(n)jego(n)jemu(n)jim(n)jim
note
  • The forms themselves are established easily.
  • For all forms on je- or i- goes that they can be preceded by n- after a preposition: јего > без њего, јим > при њим. The same goes for the other genders and the plural.

Third person singular, feminine

им.в.р.д.д.м.
OCS ja [ona]jeję jeji jejǫjeji
Russian oná jejo jejo jej jej nej
Belarussian janájaé jaé ëj ëj/ëjuëj
Ukrainian vonájijí jijí jij néjunij
Lemko-Rusyn ona jej/ju jej ij njomnij/nej
Polish ona jej jej nią niej
Cashubian ona/naji/jéji nią ni
Lower Sorbian wonaju jeje jej njeju njej
Upper Sorbian wonaju jeje jej/jinjejnjej
Czech ona ji
Slovak ona ju jej jej ňou nej
Slovene ona njo nje njej/njinjo njej/nji
Serbian/Croatian òna njû/je/junjê/je njôj/jôjnjômnjôj
Macedonian taa nea/ja nejze/i
Bulgarian tja néja/jai/nej
Interslavicona(n)jų(n)jej(n)jej(n)jejų(n)jej

First person plural

им.в.р.д.д.м.
OCS my nasъ/nynasъ namъ/ny naminasъ
Russian my nas nas nam naminas
Belarussian my nas nas nam náminas
Ukrainian my nas nas nam námynas
Lemko-Rusyn my nas nas nam namynas
Polish my nas nas nam naminas
Cashubiannas/nôsnas/nôsnóm naminas/nôs
Lower Sorbian my nas nas nam naminas
Upper Sorbian my nas nas nam naminas/nami
Czech my nás nás nám náminás
Slovak my nás nás nám naminás
Slovene mi nas nas nam naminas
Serbian/Croatiannâs/nasnâs/nasnàma/namnàmanàma
Macedonian nie nas/ne nam/ni
Bulgarian níe/nijnas/ni ni/nam
Interslavicmynasnasnamnaminas

Second person plural

им.в.р.д.д.м.
OCS my vasъ/vyvasъ vamъ/vy vamivasъ
Russian vy vas vas vam vamivas
Belarussian vy vas vas vam vámivas
Ukrainian vy vas vas vam vámyvas
Lemko-Rusyn vy vas vas vam vamyvas
Polish wy was was wam wamiwas
Cashubianwas/wôswas/wôswóm wamiwas/wôs
Lower Sorbian wy was was wam wamiwas
Upper Sorbian wy was was wam wamiwas/wami
Czech vy vás vás vám vámivás
Slovak vy vás vás vám vamivás
Slovene vi vas vas vam vamivas
Serbian/Croatianvâs/vasvâs/vasvàma/vamvàmavàma
Macedonian vie vas/ve vam/vi
Bulgarian víe/vijvas/vi vi/vam
Interslavicvyvasvasvamvamivas

Third person plural

им.в.р.д.д.м.
OCSji/ję/ja
[oni/ony/ona]
ji/ję/jajixъjimъjimijixъ
Russian oní ix ix im imi nix
Belarussian janý ix ix im ími ix
Ukrainian voný jix jix jim jimy jix
Lemko-Rusyn ony ix im ix nyma nyx
Polish oni/one ich/jeich im nimi nich
Cashubian oni/ni,
onë/në
jich/jejich/jejichjim/jimanimi/
jima/
nima
nich
Lower Sorbian woni jich/jejich jim nimi nich
Upper Sorbian woni/wone jich/jejich jim nimi nich/nimi
Czechoni/ony/onaje jich jim jimi nich
Slovak oni/ony ich/ne ich im nimi nich
Slovene oni/one/ona njih njih njim njimi njih
Serbian/Croatian òni/òne/òna njîh/ihnjîh/ih njìma/imnjìma njìma
Macedonian tie niv/gi nim/im
Bulgarian te tjax/giim/tjam
Interslaviconi/one(n)jih/
(n)je
(n)jih(n)jim(n)jimi(n)jih
Правна информация
This article has been републикуван with the permission of its original author, Jan van Steenbergen.